This second volume in a 5-volume series dedicated to the fundamental events and pivotal works of the 20th century focuses on the artistic situation between the two world wars. This series offers a complete, up-to-date survey of the phenomena of the 1900s and the first years of the new millennium through an original, transversal and interdisciplinary analysis of artistic culture in the twentieth century. It provides an extraordinary repertoire of images and a vast source of information, enriched through fact-finding windows and technical information, short articles and macro tables by experts in the field. The essays investigate and interpret in chronological order the transformations of the world's artistic culture, the major personalities and different movements that have characterised the developments of modern and contemporary art. The second volume analyses and presents the hugely diverse world of artistic production between the two world wars, taking into consideration not only the environment that took shape in the immediate wake of the First World War, from the so-called "return to order" to the re-emergence of a figurative approach (The New Objectivity, Novecento Italiano, Magic Realism) that was profoundly anti-avant-garde yet imbued with strong plastic and semantic values, but also the evolution of an avant-garde that was now historicised, with its second-generation artists (Aerial Painting, the second generation of Futurism). Also considered are the codification of certain phenomena, such as Surrealism, changes in taste (from Art Deco to Novecentismo), as well as art as the expression of the totalitarian regimes, and the outbreak of the Second World War, with the embracing of environments outside Europe, particularly the USA. The chronological boundaries are marked by the birth of the Dadaist experience in Germany and the establishment of Metaphysics in Italy (1917-1920) on one side and by the birth of the great season of U.S. Abstract Expressionism (1943-1945) on the other.